1	Predicative solutions to gambling systems How wearable computing and microprocessors can aid in gaming and gambling
2	Electronics and Casino Gaming Casino games, such as blackjack, roulette, poker, can be statistically beaten using mathematics Mini-electronic devices aid in providing computation for mathematics
3	Example: Blackjack and Card Counting In Blackjack, a card game, the dealer deals two cards initially to every player and the dealer Face cards are worth 10, all others face value The players try to get closest to twenty one without going over, and beating the dealer’s score
4	How counting would work in a basic blackjack game 1. Start the count at 0 when the deck is shuffled. 2. Count -1 for 10, J, Q, K, A 3. Count +1 for cards 2-6 4. Bet low when the count is negative, high when the count is positive With a method like this in a single deck scenario, statistically a player can earn up to a 1%-2% advantage over the house
5	Why ‘card counting’ works Card counting works because of the nature of probability mathematics Blackjack is one of the few games which uses multiple decks and doesn’t require a reshuffle for every hand Therefore, the probability of getting a certain card increases after cards which are not the card you’re looking for are drawn from the deck.
6	Why ‘card counting’ works, cont’d There are certain caveats to Blackjack, given the dealer’s restrictions. Face cards tend to favor the player, and using a rudimentary counting system one can bet according to how many face cards are left The ‘card count’ is actually a crude representation of how many face cards have not been drawn, i.e. a measure of the odds of drawing a face card
7	Why use computing devices? In multiple deck scenarios, or over long periods of time, the math required can get difficult Computing devices offer quick mathematical calculations and the ability to maintain state
8	What kind of computing devices? Any device that a user can input and output values and can maintain state Preferably, one that can be used and stored discreetly Devices as small as the cricket are inexpensive, easy to use (toggle switches) and are incredibly modifiable
9	Roulette Roulette, like any game, has physical principles which govern the outcome Watching a Roulette wheel and recording results and biases can pay off over time Electronic counters can measure things like roulette ball speed and roulette wheel speed. Using a computer, an approximate outcome can be determined
10	The Eudaemonic Pie In the mid to late seventies, a loose group of physicists and computer engineers devised a potential system using a computer to measure speed and timing of roulette Using the newly invented microprocessor, these individuals built preliminary computers with simple inputs and outputs to gain an advantage in Roulette
11	How to measure speeds Using toe-switches , the gamblers would pick a fixed point on a roulette wheel and ‘click’ the switch when a reference number on the wheel would pass by that point. Two clicks and an approximate velocity can be determined for the wheel Using the same reference point, the gamblers would measure the ball speed the same way.
12	How this leads to prediction With a roulette wheel speed and roulette ball speed, one can calculate an approximate time that the ball would drop Several games must be viewed, and if the results differ from the predicted equation, the biases of the wheel must be recorded and the program altered
13	Problems Even though odds may change, randomness still plays a huge factor Oftentimes, even though an edge over the casino can be derived, it is often small, requiring large sums of money to take advantage of it Casinos frown upon those who win their money consistently. They know everything the players know about the game, and attempt to compensate for it Albert Einstein has said, "No one can possibly win a roulette unless he steals money from the table while the croupier isn't looking.“
14	Problems with the electronics Electronics are small, but not invisible. Casinos are always looking for indiscriminate behavior Electronics are prone to failure, including battery failure and general breakdowns Even with good electronics and a good strategy, these systems tend to be complicated in active, social casino environments
15	References The Eudaemonic Pie, Thomas Bass Bringing Down the House, Ben Mezrich